Fire Dampers
Understanding Fire Dampers: Essential Safety in UK Buildings
Fire safety is a top priority in any building, and one crucial component that often goes
unnoticed is the fire damper. Fire dampers play a vital role in preventing the spread
of fire and smoke through a building’s ventilation system, helping to protect lives and
property.
What Are Fire Dampers?
Fire dampers are passive fire protection devices installed within ductwork and ventilation systems. Their primary function is to automatically close when a rise in temperature is detected, preventing the spread of fire and smoke through air ducts
and between fire compartments.
They are typically made of fire-resistant materials
and are designed to seal off the duct to contain the fire within a designated area.
How Do Fire Dampers Work?
Fire dampers operate using a fusible link or an electric actuator. When exposed to
high temperatures, typically around 72°C, the fusible link melts, triggering the
damper to shut. Alternatively, motorised fire dampers can be linked to a building’s fire
alarm system and close automatically when smoke or heat is detected. This ensures
that flames and toxic fumes do not spread through ventilation systems, giving
occupants more time to evacuate safely.
The Importance of Fire Dampers in UK Buildings
In the UK, strict fire safety regulations govern the installation and maintenance of fire
dampers. According to the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and BS
9999:2017, fire dampers must be properly installed, tested, and regularly maintained
to remain effective in the event of a fire. Failure to comply with these regulations can
result in severe legal and financial consequences for building owners and managers.
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Types of Fire Dampers
There are several types of fire dampers, each designed for specific applications:
ï‚· Curtain Fire Dampers – These have a folded curtain that drops when
activated, effectively blocking airflow.
ï‚· Intumescent Fire Dampers – Made from materials that expand when exposed to heat, sealing the duct automatically.
ï‚· Motorised Fire Dampers – Controlled by an electronic signal, these provide a more advanced level of fire protection.
ï‚· Spring-Operated Fire Dampers – These use a spring mechanism to snap
shut in the event of high temperatures.